WASHtech - Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Technologies

The aim of the review is to understand how technologies have been developed, how they were introduced, whether they have gone to scale and to start to explore the reasons why they were successful or not. The review is focused on technologies used in Africa in the water sanitation and hygiene (WASH) sector for long-term development (although some technologies are also used and have even been developed for emergency relief purposes). The review discusses technologies from their first introduction to their ultimate scale up. For the purpose of the review, a series of technologies have been selected across water, sanitation and hygiene. There are many water and sanitation technologies and only a small number could be considered in this review. The technologies were selected because they: • performed different roles, including water lifting, water treatment, tapping groundwater, water storage, sanitation user interface, sludge collection, sludge treatment and hand washing facilitation • had been introduced using different financial models, including different levels of subsidy • had been developed at different times; that is some technologies were developed many millennia ago, whereas some have been developed only in the last few years. Thus the technologies give an overview of a range of conditions relating to successful uptake.